Part holding can be as big of a challenge as making the part itself. Vise's clamps, bolts.... all can be used you just need to think through your projects and planned cuts.
So I have been finding out. As mentioned previously, for years I was exposed to PCB manufacturing, where pinning was used. The router (Gcode) programs contained a pinning drill tool as the first set of instructions. The operator would run the program, which would drill holes in MDF backup material. The MDF was itself, pinned to the work surface but was the sacrificial spacer. Pins were then driven into the MDF and the panels to be routed were placed onto the pins, sometimes two or three panels stacked together. The remaining tools were then run on the machine. With known material thicknesses, feeds and speeds, cutter deflection was compensated for by telling the CAM software the cutter diameter was smaller than it was, typically it was a reduction in diameter of about .004". But PCB milling/routing is basically 2D cutting, rarely if ever was there any 2.5D or 3D going on. Plus, we were typically cutting FR4 material (fiberglass-based), and the milling machines had pressure feet and vacuum heads.
At one shop I worked at, the panels were pinned and the boards werekept in the panels via supports (break tabs), with .006" gaps. At another shop, there were no tabs, as the boards were also pinned to the MDF and the program simply plunged just off the edge of the board, cutting a complete path around the entire board and ending just beyond the beginning plunge.
If only 3D machining were so simple.
Roland MDX-15 Mill X-6"_Y-4"_Z-2 3/8"
CAM: Modela Player 4 ]*[ CAD: Rhino 3.0