That sucks, but just a little more info things like old batteries, some types of ferilizers and many other unexpected products will cause this also.
To start with there are products made for storage of machines/metal that when sprayed on the parts will not rust for years no matter what. I cant think of the names right off but if you do a search over at the Manufacturing forum they have a thread on it, and they list several of these products that have proven good results.
Its a good thing to use stuff like this if you dont use your machine everyday. Even such things as finger prints from your hands can kick start rust on some of these bare metal surfaces. I let my table top to my mill pick up a little rust, not much but enough to agravate me. I was using WD40 to fight the rust and it will just not do it unless its reapplied ever so often. The products listed in the thread at the Manufacturing forum the guys have claimed to spay there metal parts down and had years of no rust after setting.
Hope your parts come through the rust without damage. The ballscrews, motors and the dovetails of the machine if it was stored will be the ones to check close. The machine itself, a little rust it can handle ( more than you would expect) without causing any real problems. The ballscrews and motors it doesnt take much to kill them. Any bearings should be taken a part and cleaned, or replaced before even trying to use them. If the machine was there even the bearings in the head/spindle can get damage. Mine all the upper bearings in the head went bad from being stored. It was all the bearings that where not under the oil level, but even the oil drawed enough moisture that it hurt the other bearings aswell, then I needed to replace them all..
Its very easy for this to happen, and as you have seen with the right conditions way quicker than one would amagin.
Jess
GOD Bless, and prayers for all.