SATA SSD work fine for most motherboards from 2010-ish onwards. A fifty bucks 250 GB Samsung 860 EVO should be more than enough:
https://amzn.to/333FJS2
The newer kind of SSD is called "NVME" and needs a special M.2 connector (and the right "flavor" of M.2, too!) but you don't need the extra speed bump you get from that just to boot linux. Going from spinny rust to solid state over the same SATA interface is still the giant's share of the speed-up.
If you go that way, you could probably even clone the existing installation from the first hard disk before you replace it, keeping all your files and setups.