What's the inductance of the motors? This value + voltage to the drive will tell how fast your stepper can spin.
What kind of linear motion do you have? From what I see in your GRBL config it looks like 5mm pitch ballscrew.
15mm/sec2 is really low and if I happen to be right, 1200mm/min should be 250rpm shouldn't be too hard to obtain. Unless your steppers inductance is really high.
Have you tested to decouple the stepper from the linear motion and spin it by hand? Maybe it binds somewhere.