>>>>So I did as you said, tried to give it a G01 code and it does indeed spin, albeit only at about 150RPM, no matter how high the feed rate is.

Ok, I have internet again....

Most small steppers can hit 1500rpm. Yours only turning 150 is probably just because in the machine setup, you can dictate a limit, and they did.

I would recommend downloading the V4 manual, and while it is a good read from beginning to end (nice references on G and M code and what you can accomplish with it), get thru the machine setup section, where you will see how motors and axis are setup, accelerations, continuous motion blending via continuous contouring settings and also dictating a maximum speed. It's the machine setup and configuration file that you save to use later that really dictates the exact machine that is being used.

Note too that..... even if you set that particular area real high, JOGGING has its own section to limit it there. Over time you will see why they do this.

I should be able to look at the rest of your post later tomorrow.