Damae,
That little indexer you referred to in your first post most likely gives you very limited options. It might permit up to 24 divisions, or factors thereof, so it would not be very versatile for a wide range of tooth numbers on your pulleys.
Keep in mind that the most critical dimension of a timing belt pulley is the outside diameter. This is actually the pitch circle of the belt. If this diameter is off, the teeth of the belt will want to climb on the pulley teeth.
I've cut a few timing belt pulleys with a pair of slitting saws ganged on an arbor, spaced approx two teeth apart (straddling one tooth space, and cutting on the left side of one tooth and the right side of the next tooth). This generates a slight angle on the sides of the teeth. I usually just overcut the depth a bit, rather than worry about the fillet on the bottom corner, which serves no real purpose. The fillet on the top corner of the tooth is more important, but can simply be broken with a file, or radiused with a power rotary brush on your bench grinder.
First you get good, then you get fast. Then grouchiness sets in.
(Note: The opinions expressed in this post are my own and are not necessarily those of CNCzone and its management)